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Path: euryale.cc.adfa.oz.au!newshost.carno.net.au!harbinger.cc.monash.edu.au!munnari.OZ.AU!news.Hawaii.Edu!news.caldera.com!enews.sgi.com!nntprelay.mathworks.com!howland.erols.net!news-peer.sprintlink.net!news-pull.sprintlink.net!news-in-east.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!Sprint!206.172.150.11!news1.bellglobal.com!sympatico.ca!not-for-mail From: gbuchanan@on.sympatico.ca (Gardner Buchanan) Newsgroups: comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc Subject: Re: Powering Down Date: 12 Jul 1997 18:04:59 GMT Organization: Sympatico Lines: 31 Message-ID: <5q8h0b$kce$1@news1.sympatico.ca> References: <33c49208.1255785@news.dixonssurgical.co.uk> NNTP-Posting-Host: 206.172.228.121 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii X-Newsreader: knews 0.9.7 Xref: euryale.cc.adfa.oz.au comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc:44352 In article <33c49208.1255785@news.dixonssurgical.co.uk>, jay@dixonssurgical.co.uk (Jay Dixon) writes: > Hi All > > I am currently running FreeBSD 2.2.1 and am shutting down using the > "shutdown now" command as directed in the handbook. > > When I power back on again I am told that "/" was not unmounted > properley and all the flags on my disk are dirty. > > How should I be shutting down to power off? > On a single user system "halt" is a fast clean shutdown. This is the last stage of the more elaborate procedure performed by shutdown with "-h". The console driver handles Crtl-Alt-Del in this way as well. If you shutdown without "-h", or "-r" the system is not halted, just transitioned to single user mode. Your root filesystem remains mounted, and it is not particularly safe to switch things off. I don't like the Ctrl-Alt-Del keyboard mapping. Instead I have an entry like this in my /etc/passwd table. This way I can type "halt" at the login prompt, give the password and get what I want. halt:*:0:0:Superuser:/root:/sbin/halt ============================================ Gardner Buchanan <gbuchanan@sympatico.ca> Ottawa, ON