*BSD News Article 50904


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Newsgroups: comp.periphs.scsi,comp.os.linux.hardware,comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc,comp.os.linux.setup
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From: stephenk@netcom.com (Stephen Knilans)
Subject: Re: SCSI PCI host adapter
Message-ID: <stephenkDEM2I3.AF4@netcom.com>
Organization: Netcom Online Communications Services (408-241-9760 login: guest)
References: <danielDEE700.Guv@netcom.com> <42lg2j$pks@news.parc.xerox.com> <42p9v5$hbn@bonnie.tcd-dresden.de>
Date: Fri, 8 Sep 1995 23:56:27 GMT
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Sender: stephenk@netcom6.netcom.com
Xref: euryale.cc.adfa.oz.au comp.periphs.scsi:37266 comp.os.linux.hardware:15580 comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc:5883 comp.os.linux.setup:20131

In article <42p9v5$hbn@bonnie.tcd-dresden.de> joerg_wunsch@uriah.heep.sax.de writes:
>Peter MacLeod <macleod@adoc.xerox.com> wrote:
>
>[disks do not work any longer after replacing the SCSI controller]
>
>>In the case of real operating systems which have SCSI managers and drivers,
>>and ignore the whole BIOS mess, I would think that disks swapped between
>>cards would be compatible, especially if one didn't try to boot off of the
>>SCSI drive. This might be naive, however--many card vendors don't understand
>>the purpose of a standard like SCSI, and might "be clever" and break it for
>>no good reason.
>
>Booting is just the only issue.  It's done by the firmware (or: BIOS),
>so the operating system cannot do anything here.  For a non-boot disk,
>you are free to label it however you like, and they should be
>exchangeable between different controllers.
>
>For bootable disks, those where the operating system boots off sector
>0 (ie., the MBR is the bootstrap of the operating system itself) will
>be exchangeable, too, as long as the BIOS idea of the geometry is
>sufficient to load the bootstrap.  (For *BSD, the bootstrap is 15
>sectors long, so every usual geometry idea will work.)

Actually, the problem is that drives USED to be controlled directly.  The
controllers were named for the method RLL or MFM.  Today, I think most 
drives are STILL RLL, but you can't really control the drive directly.
They are controlled through a protocol that is based on a two phase system.
The controller, because old O/S' used track/sector/head has to convert that
to blocks.  The drive then has to convert the blocks into track/sector/head!
The method could vary GREATLY.  In fact, it is concievable that
reading 15 sectors from one drive could actually only read 1 sector from a
head!  It could then be VERY efficient!  Each platter could be offset 
slightly, or multiple controllers could be used, so that reading 30 sectors 
off a 15 platter drive would take
no more time(with regard to head seek and rotational latency), than reading
one sector!  Hence, even reading 15 blocks may not be the same from one
disk to another.  You probably wouldn't have a problem with THAT unless it was
a multi surface removable pack though.  

It IS amazing that nobody ever seemed to think of this.  Adaptec even has TWO 
translation methods!  Hence, the SAME controller may be incompatible with 
ITSELF!  As I recall, one is more compatible with old drives, and one is
more flexible with larger drives.

Steve